https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=93sK4jTGrss&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtP5mp25nStsuDzk2blncJDW&index=3&ab_channel=CrashCourse

Morphology

the study of the internal structure of words

Word : a freestanding unit of meaning

中文字/詞 跟 "word" 的關係 ? ⇒ (usually) "word" refers to 「詞」

Morpheme : a single unit of meaning

<aside> 💡 the similarity of form does not gurantee the similarity in meaning, vice verca

</aside>

Concatenation (串接) - agglutination(English) or fusion(de la ⇒ du)

• free morpheme : walk, kick...etc
• bound morpheme : s, ed, 孩子「們」....
• allomorphs : forms with same morphene (eg. meaning), but phonetically contrastive
• prefix / infix / suffix / circumfix (環綴，飄在周圍) / compound
• inflectional (加了詞性不變) vs. derivational (加了換詞性)

Non-concatenation - specifically in Semitic languages(Hebrew, Arabic...)

(eg. root of 'write'= k...t...b)

"Pig Latin"

Inflectional affixes provide grammartical infos, without changing the word's initial meaning

Derivationnal affixes changes meaning, could be, for example, verb-forming (eg. un-, -age, -er ...)

Tree Diagram

• upside-down tree (for word-stemming)

• Chomskian says... (chomskian theory)

  "Order : root → root/stem boundary derivations & inflection → word boundary derivations → word boundary inflections"

• But cognitive linguist now says... No more der & inf. chossse by what you want to express