https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6geQjY8b7sA&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtP5mp25nStsuDzk2blncJDW&index=6&ab_channel=CrashCourse
the study of how humans search for and find meanings in languages
"mental lexicon" is more important (the image of a lexicon in one's mind), rather than definitions in dictionaries
About :
the meaning of individual words
the combination of the words and the statements built up
the mental representation of its meaning
Reference : the collection of all the "referents"(所指涉的對象) of an expression
Prototype : the default mental image associated with a word
Denotation vs. Connotation : concepts / other feelings associated with a word
Hypernym vs. hyponym (superordinate vs. subordinate) (高層比較大圈)
near synonyms :
(1) degrees. eg : fog(濃) vs. mist(淡)
(2) aspects. eg: 逛 vs. 晃
(3) association. eg. brave(肉身) vs. courageous(精神)
antonyms :
(1) complementary. eg. alive vs. dead (how old is he vs. !how alive is he)
(2) gradable. eg. love vs. hate
(3) reverse. eg. ascend vs. descend
(4) converse. eg. lend vs borrow (from different point of view)
the claim expressed by a sentence
can be true or false $\rArr$ Truth values
true values / truth condition represent the relationship between sentences and the world